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[5] G. D'Inzeo, P. Bernardi, S. Pisa, and L. Tarricone, "Ionic channels gating
Todd Hagan received the B.S.E.E. degree (with high
under EM exposure: A stochastic model," Bioelectrochem. Bioeng., vol.
distinction) from University of Nevada, Reno, and is
29, pp. 290304, 1993.
currently pursuing the M.S.E.E. degree.
[6] L. Tarricone, "Estimation of the physiological parameters of a mem-
His research interests include the field of electro-
brane channel exposed to electromagnetic fields using the GPOF ap-
magnetic modeling and control system theory.
proach," Electro-Magnetobiol., vol. 19, pp. 259270, 2000.
[7] N. Kuster and F. Schönborn, "Recommended minimal requirements
and development guidelines for exposure setups of bio-experiments
addressing the health risk concern of wireless communications," Bio-
electromagn., vol. 21, pp. 508514, 2000.
[8] F. Schönborn, K. Pokovic, A. M. Wobus, and N. Kuster, "Design, op-
timization, realization, and analysis of an in vitro system for the expo-
sure of embryonic stem cells at 1.71 GHz," Bioelectromagn., vol. 21, pp.
372384, 2000.
Indira Chatterjee (S'78-M'81-SM'96) received the
[9] A. W. Guy, C. K. Chou, and J. A. McDougall, "A quarter century of in
B.Sc. (honors) and M.Sc. degrees in physics from
vitro research: A new look at exposure methods," Bioelectromagn., vol.
Bangalore University, Bangalore, India, in 1973 and
20, pp. 2139, 1999.
1975, respectively, the M.S. degree in physics from
[10] O. P. Gandhi, G. Lazzi, and C. M. Furse, "Electromagnetic absorption
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, in
in the human head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900
1977, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering
MHz," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 44, pp. 18841897,
from the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, in 1981.
Oct. 1996.
She was a Postdoctoral Fellow (19811983) and a
[11] K. S. Kunz and R. J. Luebbers, The Finite Difference Time Domain
Research Assistant Professor (19831985) with the
Method for Electromagnetics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1993.
University of Utah. From 1987 to 1988, she taught at
[12] M. Popovic, S. C. Hagness, and A. Taflove, "Finite-Difference time-
the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. Since 1988,
domain analysis of a complete transverse electromagnetic cell loaded
she has been with the University of Nevada, Reno, where she is a Professor
with liquid biological media in culture dishes," IEEE Trans. Biomed.
of electrical engineering. Her research interests include experimental and nu-
Eng., vol. 45, pp. 10671076, 1998.
merical Bioelectromagnetics, RF/microwave dosimetry, RF sensors, electrical
[13] T. A. Hagan, I. Chatterjee, D. McPherson, and G. L. Craviso, "Finite-
properties of materials, and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic fields.
Difference time-domain modeling of a waveguide-based radiofrequency
Dr. Chatterjee is a member of the Bioelectromagnetics Society and the So-
exposure system for studying nonthermal effects on catecholamine re-
ciety of Women Engineers.
lease from chromaffin cells," in Proc. ElectroMed 2003 Int. Symp. Non-
thermal Medical/Biological Treatments Using Electromagnetic Fields
and Ionized Gases, Abstracts, San Antonio, TX, June 1113, 2003, pp.
6364.
Dana McPherson received the B.S.E.E degree from
[14] J. C. Waymire, W. F. Bennett, R. Boehme, L. Hankins, K.
the University of Nevada, Reno.
Gilmer-Waymire, and J. W. Haycock, "Bovine adrenal chromaffin
He is an Associate Engineer and a Specialist in cir-
cells: High-yield purification and viability in suspension culture," J.
cuit design, fabrication, and system integration with
Neurosci. Methods, vol. 7, pp. 329351, 1983.
the University of Nevada.
[15] Z. P. Liao, H. L. Wong, G. P. Yang, and Y. F. Yuan, "A transmitting
boundary for transient wave analysis," Scientia Sinica, vol. 28, no. 10,
pp. 10631076, 1984.
[16] J. F. Shackelford and W. Alexander, "Dielectric constants of se-
lected polymers," in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd
ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2003, pp. 1315.
[17] T. P. Marsland and S. Evans, "Dielectric measurements with an open-
ended coaxial probe," Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng., pt. H, vol. 134, no. 4, pp.
341349, 1987.
[18] M. A. Stuchly, T. W. Athey, G. M. Samaras, and G. E. Taylor, "Mea-
Gale L. Craviso received the B.S. degree in biology
surement of radio frequency permittivity of biological tissues with an
in 1969 from Fordham University, New York, and the
open-ended coaxial line: part II--Experimental results," IEEE Trans.
M.S. and Ph.D. degrees, both in pharmacology, from
Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-30, no. 1, pp. 8791, 1982.
New York University, New York, in 1976 and 1982,
[19] L. S. Anderson, G. B. Gajda, and S. S. Stuchly, "Analysis of an opened-
respectively.
ended coaxial line sensor in layered dielectrics," IEEE Trans. Instrum.
She is currently an Associate Professor in the
Measure., vol. IM-35, pp. 1318, Jan. 1986.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada
[20] R. Pethig, Dielectric and Electronic Properties of Biological Mate-
School of Medicine, Reno. Her current research
rials. New York: Wiley, 1979.
interests include mechanisms of electromagnetic
[21] K. R. Foster and H. P. Schwan, "Dielectric Properties of Tissues," in
field interactions with excitable cells and post-tran-
CRC Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. Boca
scriptional control of gene expression.
Raton, FL: CRC, 1986.
Dr. Craviso is a member of the Society for Neuroscience, the Bioelectromag-
[22] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1998,
netics Society, the New York Academy of Sciences, the American Association
pp. 120132.
for the Advancement of Science, and the Society for Women and Science.