time-domain full-wave simulation. Finally, the new method is simple to

implement because adjoint simulations are not needed. This makes the new

algorithm readily applicable to the solution of microwave design problems,

which could greatly benefit from the sensitivity information, such as

optimization, device modeling, tolerance, and yield analyses.

"In summary, our approach to S-parameter sensitivity analysis is far more

computationally efficient than most other methods," Nikolova said.

"Traditional methods require electromagnetic system analyses for each

design variable while our approach can provide the same information more

efficiently using one electromagnetic simulation."