- Applications
- Biomedical
Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Field Simulations
Ensuring that all new devices meet regulatory and certification requirements is a necessity.
Remcom's EM simulation tools can greatly speed the design and certification process by allowing realistic simulations of the device performance before the costly prototyping stage. Analysis options are both device-oriented, such as tuning, and bio-interaction related, including SAR. Realistic, posable human body models are available in addition to CAD-based SAM phantom.
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XFdtd Bio-Pro

Calculation of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields
Bio-Pro is a specialty version of XFdtd that provides accurate predictions of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological tissues. Analysis options are both device-oriented, such as tuning, and bio-interaction related, including SAR. Realistic human body models are available in addition to a CAD-based SAM phantom.
Biological Thermal Sensor
XF's enhanced Thermal Sensor allows metals and other non-biological objects to be included in the temperature rise computation. The calculations are based on Penne’s Bio-Heat equation and consider the effects of conductive heat transfer between thermally connected materials, blood perfusion, metabolic processes, and general RF heating.
Other capabilities of XFdtd Bio-Pro include:
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Calculation of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) including whole body, 1 gram, and 10 gram averages.
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Birdcage Tool
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Hearing Aid Compatibility (HAC)
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MR-related Output Types (MR Transmit Efficiency and Approximate MR Image)
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Additional Information
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Webinars
Advancing Radar Sensing Simulation to Include Human Detection and Micro-Doppler in Complex Environments
In this webinar, we present a methodology for modeling radar returns and shadowing from humans, including the effects of breathing and heart rate on micro-Doppler.
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Application Examples
XFdtd SAR Simulations of a Mock Brain Computer Implant
This example shows Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) simulations for a first approximation Brain Computer Implant (BCI). It was generated using an open-source and anonymized data set of patient head models that includes five tissue compartments (scalp, skull, CSF, grey and white matter).
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Application Examples
Spherical Bowl and Dipole SAR Validation
This example serves as a validation exercise for the XFdtd computations of SAR and impedance and was originally performed by Ericsson Radio Systems personnel in the late 1990’s using a much earlier version of the software.
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Application Examples
Human in Car Exposed to Fields from Car-Mounted VHF Antenna
The exposure to a driver in a car from a car-mounted VHF radio is examined. Specifically, the SAR and electric field strength in the human are observed.
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Publications
What’s New in XFdtd®
XFdtd Release 7.11.1 introduces several enhancements designed to elevate simulation accuracy, expand analysis capabilities, and streamline the engineering workflow. This release reflects Remcom’s continued focus on solving high-value challenges in antenna design, PCB modeling, and phased array system development.
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Publications
Animating Vital Signs in Radar Simulations: Comparing Physical Optics Against 28.5 GHz Channel Measurements
In this article, the author utilizes the PO solver available in Remcom's WaveFarer® radar simulation tool to simulate back-scatter from the chest of an animated human model and compare the predictions against 28.5 GHz measurements collected by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
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Publications
Magnetic Resonance Wire Coil Losses Estimation with Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
This paper investigates the accuracy of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for separately estimating coil conductor and radiative loss contributions.
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